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- Increased responsiveness of tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli, leading to paroxysmal airway constriction
- Unremitting attacks (status asthmaticus) can be fatal
- Major mediators responsible for bronchospasm in patients with bronchial asthma
- Bronchial plugging by thick mucus plugs containing eosinophils, whorls of shed epithelium (Curschmann's spirals), and Charcot-Leyden crystals (eosinophil membrane protein); distal air spaces become overdistended
- Thick basement membrane, edema and inflammation in bronchial walls with prominence of eosinophils, hypertrophy of bronchial wall muscle
- Types: extrinsic (atopic, allergic), most common; intrinsic, (idiosyncratic); now also recognize mixed